土壤交换性铝的三种测定方法比较

为了准确高效地检测土壤交换性铝含量,探寻适宜的检测方法。比较分析了氯化钾交换-中和滴定法、铝试剂法和羊毛铬花青R比色法所测交换性铝的差异性、精密度、准确性和适用性。结果表明,3种方法所测交换性铝无显著性差异。但羊毛铬花青R比色法的精密度优于氯化钾交换-中和滴定法和铝试剂法,羊毛铬花青R比色法平均回收率达99.28%,准确性高于另2种方法。羊毛铬花青R比色法的线性范围在0~0.32 mg/L,对应吸光值范围在0~0.778;铝试剂法的线性范围在0~0.8 mg/L,对应吸光值范围在0.006~0.157;与铝试剂法相比,羊毛铬花青R比色法的线性范围小于铝试剂法,但其吸光值范围大于铝试剂法。羊毛铬花青R比色法显色剂与显色物质吸收峰间隔较远,测定背景干扰小,方法灵敏度较高。羊毛铬花青R比色法检测单个样品的平均用时为4.2 min,检测效率高于另2种方法,且操作简捷,适用性较高。因此,推荐羊毛铬花青R比色法为土壤交换性铝的测定方法。     

考虑水文变异的水库生态流量研究

为探讨水文变异对生态流量影响,确定最佳水库生态流量推求方法,针对尼尔基水库生态问题,采用Mann-kendall突变检测法、滑动T检验法和有序聚类法,结合序号总和理论和Spearman相关系数计算对水文时间序列作综合识别,确定水库发生水文变异年份为1963年和1999年。利用NGPRP法和逐月频率年内展布计算法分别计算天然状态、次天然状态、现状和不考虑水文变异条件下最小生态流量和适宜生态流量。参考Tennant法评价结果表明水库生态系统退化主要受人类扰动影响,观察次天然状态和不考虑变异状态下生态径流过程,最小生态流量占多年平均流量百分数相差9.21%和1.70%,适宜生态流量相差3.04%和1.47%。研究应更多考虑次天然生态径流过程,其最小生态流量仅可作为生态流量下限。     

基于Nemerow法的核桃林土壤肥力分析与评价

研究云南核桃和新疆核桃林土壤肥力状况，探索核桃林土壤肥力的主要影响因子，为核桃林地平衡施肥提供参考依据。以维西县核桃林为对象，采集核桃林地深0～20、20～40、40～60 cm 3个土层90个样点的土壤，测定pH、有机质、碱解N、有效P、速效K等因子，运用Nemerow法和第2次土壤普查分级标准进行土壤肥力综合评价。结果表明:1)土壤养分因子变异系数在10.0％～133.3％，速效K属于强变异；pH总体均值为6.51，呈弱酸性，随着土层深度的增加，pH呈上升趋势；有机质和碱解N总体均值分别为25.2 mg·kg^-1和78.8 mg·kg^-1，均分布在Ⅲ、Ⅳ级，有机质属中上水平，碱解N属中等水平，二者均表现为明显的表聚现象和随土层深度的增加含量下降的相似性；有效P总体均值为9.66 mg·kg^-1，分布在Ⅲ、Ⅳ级，属中等水平；速效K总体均值为69.4 mg·kg^-1，分布在Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ级，属低水平。2)核桃林土壤的有机质、碱解N、有效P、速效K 4个养分因子均表现为0～20 cm土层含量最高，随着土层深度的增加，含量总体均呈下降趋势，差异显著性分析表明各采样点和各土层之间4个养分因子均表现为差异显著。3）Nemerow法评价结果显示，该研究区域内核桃林土壤综合肥力指数均值为1.37，肥力指数最高1.54，最低1.12，属于中等水平，速效K是研究区域内核桃林地的主要限制因子。     

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of a Depolymerized Glycosaminoglycan from Holothuria fuscopunctata,a Novel Anticoagulant Candidate,in Rats by Bioanalytical Methods

dHG-5 (Mw 5.3 kD) is a depolymerized glycosaminoglycan from sea cucumber Holothuria fuscopunctata. As a selective inhibitor of intrinsic Xase (iXase), preclinical study showed it was a promising anticoagulant candidate without obvious bleeding risk. In this work, two bioanalytical methods based on the anti-iXase and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) prolongation activities were established and validated to determine dHG-5 concentrations in plasma and urine samples. After single subcutaneous administration of dHG-5 at 5, 9, and 16.2 mg/kg to rats, the time to peak concentration (T_max) was at about 1 h, and the peak concentration (C_max) was 2.70, 6.50, and 10.11 μg/mL, respectively. The plasma elimination half-life(T_1/2β) was also about 1 h and dHG-5 could be almost completely absorbed after s.c. administration. Additionally, the pharmacodynamics of dHG-5 was positively correlated with its pharmacokinetics, as determined by rat plasma APTT and anti-iXase method, respectively. dHG-5 was mainly excreted by urine as the unchanged parent drug and about 60% was excreted within 48 h. The results suggested that dHG-5 could be almost completely absorbed after subcutaneous injection and the pharmacokinetics of dHG-5 are predictable. Studying pharmacokinetics of dHG-5 could provide valuable information for future clinical studies.     

家蚕茧分级和检验方法研究初报

为了适应仪器评茧和提高蚕茧质量,从技术层面研究了统一的家蚕茧分级标准,初步确定了蚕茧分级办法、质量标示、质量综合得分计算方法、检验方法及茧价计算方法等。依照统一的蚕茧分级标准及方法,可促进蚕茧收购与销售“按质评级、分等计价”,有利于“优茧优价”政策的全面实施。     

Use of genomic recursions and algorithm for proven and young animals for single‐step genomic BLUP analyses – a simulation study

The purpose of this study was to examine accuracy of genomic selection via single‐step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP) when the direct inverse of the genomic relationship matrix ( G ) is replaced by an approximation of G ^?1 based on recursions for young genotyped animals conditioned on a subset of proven animals, termed algorithm for proven and young animals (APY). With the efficient implementation, this algorithm has a cubic cost with proven animals and linear with young animals. Ten duplicate data sets mimicking a dairy cattle population were simulated. In a first scenario, genomic information for 20k genotyped bulls, divided in 7k proven and 13k young bulls, was generated for each replicate. In a second scenario, 5k genotyped cows with phenotypes were included in the analysis as young animals. Accuracies (average for the 10 replicates) in regular EBV were 0.72 and 0.34 for proven and young animals, respectively. When genomic information was included, they increased to 0.75 and 0.50. No differences between genomic EBV (GEBV) obtained with the regular G ^?1 and the approximated G ^?1 via the recursive method were observed. In the second scenario, accuracies in GEBV (0.76, 0.51 and 0.59 for proven bulls, young males and young females, respectively) were also higher than those in EBV (0.72, 0.35 and 0.49). Again, no differences between GEBV with regular G ^?1 and with recursions were observed. With the recursive algorithm, the number of iterations to achieve convergence was reduced from 227 to 206 in the first scenario and from 232 to 209 in the second scenario. Cows can be treated as young animals in APY without reducing the accuracy. The proposed algorithm can be implemented to reduce computing costs and to overcome current limitations on the number of genotyped animals in the ssGBLUP method.     

某牛场粪源大肠杆菌0157∶H7的分离鉴定

为了解重庆市某牛场牛群大肠杆菌O157∶H7的感染情况,我们以牛场犊牛为研究对象,采集其新鲜粪便,经LB培养基增菌培养、免疫磁珠富集后,在山梨醇麦康凯琼脂上划线培养,最后PCR扩增eaeA基因目的片段,以此分离鉴定粪源大肠杆菌O157∶H7。结果显示：在所采集的39份犊牛粪便样品中,分离得到一株符合大肠杆菌O157∶H7生长特点且含有eaeA基因的菌株。     

那西肽预混剂组分HPLC检测方法的建立

为了建立那西肽预混剂组分测定的高效液相检查法,采用十八烷基键合硅胶为填充剂,以0.025%磷酸水溶液-乙腈(50:50)为流动相,检测波长为241 nm,并以该色谱条件对来自7个厂家的14批不同规格的那西肽预混剂进行了测定。综合结果给出组分的建议限度为:那西肽组分A的峰面积不得少于那西肽组分A与组分B峰面积之和的88.0%。该方法具有专属性强、耐用性好、操作简便等优点。     

硫酸卡那霉素注射液含量测定的不确定度分析

为研究微生物检定法(管碟法)测定硫酸卡那霉素注射液生物效价试验中各因素对结果的影响,采用不确定度分析,将影响因素归纳为称量、稀释、加样、测定、平行试验,量化各不确定度分量,评估各因素的影响因子。结果表明,牛津杯加样体积对测定结果影响最大,提示试验中应尽可能精确控制加样体积。     

基于斜率比法评定断奶仔猪对不同铜源的相对生物学利用率

本试验旨在研究不同铜源（硫酸铜、碱式氯化铜和柠檬酸铜）和铜添加水平（20和30 mg/kg）对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清铜含量与含铜酶活性以及组织铜含量的影响,探讨断奶仔猪对不同铜源的相对生物学利用率。试验采用3×2双因子随机区组设计,选取平均体重为（8.98±0.48） kg的杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪112头,随机分为7组,每组4个重复,每个重复4头猪。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮（铜含量为7.80 mg/kg）,各试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加20或30 mg/kg硫酸铜、碱式氯化铜或柠檬酸铜（均以铜含量计）。试验预试期3 d,正试期28 d。结果表明：1）试验组与对照组断奶仔猪平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比均无显著差异（P>0.05）。2）饲粮铜源和铜添加水平对断奶仔猪血清铜含量具有显著影响（P<0.05）,但对血清铜蓝蛋白和铜锌超氧化物歧化酶活性均无显著影响（P>0.05）。3）饲粮铜源和铜添加水平对断奶仔猪肝脏铜含量具有显著影响（P<0.05）,但对心脏、肾脏、胰脏和跖骨铜含量均无显著影响（P>0.05）。4）根据多元线性回归斜率比法计算,以血清铜...